Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a special X-ray procedure used to evaluate the structure and openness of the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is frequently used to investigate the causes of infertility in women and can reveal structural problems in the uterine cavity or blockages in the fallopian tubes.
Why is HSG Performed?
HSG is typically recommended for women who are having difficulty conceiving. It helps determine whether the fallopian tubes are open and if there are any structural abnormalities in the uterus. It also aids in diagnosing conditions such as uterine adhesions, polyps, fibroids, or congenital uterine anomalies.
How is HSG Performed?
The HSG procedure is done within 7-10 days after the end of menstruation, but before ovulation begins. The patient is positioned as for a gynecological examination, and a thin catheter is placed into the cervix. Through this catheter, a contrast dye is introduced into the uterus. X-ray images are then taken to track the flow of the dye through the uterus and fallopian tubes. The procedure usually takes about 10-15 minutes.
Types of HSG:
- Oil-based contrast HSG: Thicker in consistency, and some studies suggest it may have a positive effect on fertility.
- Water-based contrast HSG: More commonly used and generally provides higher image quality.
The method used depends on the doctor's preference and the patient's condition.
When is HSG Performed?
HSG is performed shortly after menstruation, typically between the 6th and 12th days of the cycle, but before ovulation. This timing ensures clearer imaging of the uterus and minimizes the risk of performing the procedure during early pregnancy.
Risks of HSG:
Although generally safe, some side effects may occur after HSG:
- Mild cramping or pain
- Vaginal spotting or discharge
- Infection (rare)
- Allergic reaction to the contrast material
If severe pain, fever, or foul-smelling discharge occurs after the procedure, medical attention should be sought immediately.
Post-HSG Care:
- Mild cramping and spotting may occur for 1-2 days.
- Pain relievers can be used if recommended by the doctor.
- Avoid sexual intercourse and vaginal douching for a few days.
- Do not ignore symptoms like fever, foul-smelling discharge, or severe pain.